Logical deduction: what must be true
Deduction items ask what follows necessarily, not what seems likely. The distinction is the whole test.
The contrapositive
"If it rains, the road floods" plus "the road has not flooded" gives "it did not rain". That is valid. Concluding anything from "it did not rain" alone is not.
Two common fallacies
Affirming the consequent, where a flooded road is taken as proof of rain, and denying the antecedent. Both feel natural and both are invalid.
Testing a conclusion
Try to build a case where the premises hold and the conclusion fails. If you can, the conclusion does not follow, however plausible it sounds.
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Questions people ask
Is real-world knowledge useful here?
It is usually a distraction. Work only from the premises as written.
What does "some" mean formally?
At least one, possibly all — not "some but not all".